Environmental education (EE) in Japan has evolved significantly since the 1960s, shifting from a primary focus on pollution control to a more comprehensive approach that addresses both environmental and social issues. This evolution is exemplified by the current emphasis on Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). Despite the implementation of various policies and measures at both the national administrative level and within school settings, the effective integration and tangible outcomes of EE and ESD remain inadequate. This report delves into the factors contributing to this shortfall and explores potential solutions.